Difference between revisions of "Off-Task Behavior"

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(New page: Baker (2007) defines off-task behavior in learning environments as behavior "where a student completely disengages from the learning environment and task to engage in an unrelated behavior...)
 
 
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disengages from the learning environment and task to engage in an unrelated behavior".
 
disengages from the learning environment and task to engage in an unrelated behavior".
  
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Within intelligent tutoring systems such as Cognitive Tutors, this is usually done by [[systematic guessing]] or [[hint abuse]].
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Recent studies have suggested that off-task behavior is associated with poorer learning in individual use of Cognitive
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Tutors (Baker, Corbett, Koedinger, & Wagner, 2004; Baker, 2007) but with more positive effects on learning in collaborative use of learning software (Kumar et al, 2007)
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Gaming has been observed in other types of learning environments as well, including educational games (Miller, Lehman, & Koedinger, 1999; Magnussen & Misfeldt, 2004; Rodrigo et al, 2007), simulation environments (Rodrigo et al, 2007), and graded-participation newsgroups (Cheng & Vassileva, 2005).
 
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For more information, see Ryan Baker's [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/gaming.html webpage on gaming the system].
 
 
   
 
   
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=== PSLC Studies Involving Gaming the System ===
 
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*[[Baker_Choices_in_LE_Space | How Content and Interface Features Influence Student Choices Within the Learning Space (Baker, Corbett, Koedinger, & Rodrigo)]]
 
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=== Bibliography ===
 
=== Bibliography ===
  
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* Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Roll, I., Koedinger, K.R. (to appear) Developing a Generalizable Detector of When Students Game the System  To appear in User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/USER475.pdf pdf]
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* Baker, R.S.J.d. (2007) Modeling and Understanding Students' Off-Task Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007: Computer-Human Interaction, 1059-1068. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/BakerCHI2007Final.pdf pdf]
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* Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R., Evenson, E., Roll, I., Wagner, A.Z., Naim, M., Raspat, J., Baker, D.J., Beck, J. (2006). Adapting to When Students Game an Intelligent Tutoring System. 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 392-401. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/Baker175.pdf pdf]
 
 
* Baker, R. S., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., & Wagner, A. Z. (2004). Off-Task Behavior in the Cognitive Tutor Classroom: When Students “Game the System”. ACM CHI 2004: Computer-Human Interaction, 383-390. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/p383-baker-rev.pdf pdf]
 
* Baker, R. S., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., & Wagner, A. Z. (2004). Off-Task Behavior in the Cognitive Tutor Classroom: When Students “Game the System”. ACM CHI 2004: Computer-Human Interaction, 383-390. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/p383-baker-rev.pdf pdf]
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* Baker, R.S.J.d., Walonoski, J.A., Heffernan, N.T., Roll, I., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R. (to appear) Why Students Engage in "Gaming the System" Behavior in Interactive Learning Environments. To appear in Journal of Interactive Learning Research. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/BWHRKC-JILR-draft.pdf pdf]
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* Kumar, R., Gweon, G., Joshi, M., Cui, Y., Rosé, C.P. (2007) Supporting students working together on Math with Social Dialogue, Workshop on Speech and Language Technology in Education, Farmington, Pennsylvania, 2007.
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* Cheng, R., Vassileva, J. (2005) Adaptive Reward Mechanism for Sustainable Online Learning Community. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 152-159.
 
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* Magnussen, R., Misfeldt, M. (2004) Player Transformation of Educational Multiplayer Games. Proceedings of Other Players. Available at [http://www.itu.dk/op/proceedings.htm http://www.itu.dk/op/proceedings.htm]
 
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* Miller, C.S., Lehman, J.F., Koedinger, K.R. (1999)  Goals and learning in microworlds - An exploration. Cognitive Science, 23 (3), 305-336.
 
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* Murray, R.C., vanLehn, K. (2005) Effects of Dissuading Unnecessary Help Requests While Providing Proactive Help. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 887-889.
 
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* Rodrigo, M.M.T., Baker, R.S.J.d., Lagud, M.C.V., Lim, S.A.L., Macapanpan, A.F., Pascua, S.A.M.S., Santillano, J.Q., Sevilla, L.R.S., Sugay, J.O., Tep, S., Viehland, N.J.B. (2007) Affect and Usage Choices in Simulation Problem Solving Environments. Proceedings of Artificial Intelligence in Education 2007, 145-152.
 
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[http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/RodrigoBakeretal2006Final.pdf pdf]
 
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* Walonoski, J.A., Heffernan, N.T. (2006a) Detection and Analysis of Off-Task Gaming Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 382-391.
 
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* Walonoski, J.A., Heffernan, N.T. (2006b) Prevention of Off-Task Gaming Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 722-724.  
 
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[[Category:Glossary]]
 
[[Category:Glossary]]
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[[Category:Interactive Communication]]
 
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[[Category:Help Tutor]]
 

Latest revision as of 00:54, 11 December 2007

Baker (2007) defines off-task behavior in learning environments as behavior "where a student completely disengages from the learning environment and task to engage in an unrelated behavior".

Recent studies have suggested that off-task behavior is associated with poorer learning in individual use of Cognitive Tutors (Baker, Corbett, Koedinger, & Wagner, 2004; Baker, 2007) but with more positive effects on learning in collaborative use of learning software (Kumar et al, 2007)

Bibliography

  • Baker, R.S.J.d. (2007) Modeling and Understanding Students' Off-Task Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007: Computer-Human Interaction, 1059-1068. pdf
  • Baker, R. S., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., & Wagner, A. Z. (2004). Off-Task Behavior in the Cognitive Tutor Classroom: When Students “Game the System”. ACM CHI 2004: Computer-Human Interaction, 383-390. pdf
  • Kumar, R., Gweon, G., Joshi, M., Cui, Y., Rosé, C.P. (2007) Supporting students working together on Math with Social Dialogue, Workshop on Speech and Language Technology in Education, Farmington, Pennsylvania, 2007.
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