Off-Task Behavior: Difference between revisions

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New page: Baker (2007) defines off-task behavior in learning environments as behavior "where a student completely disengages from the learning environment and task to engage in an unrelated behavior...
 
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disengages from the learning environment and task to engage in an unrelated behavior".
disengages from the learning environment and task to engage in an unrelated behavior".


Within intelligent tutoring systems such as Cognitive Tutors, this is usually done by [[systematic guessing]] or [[hint abuse]].
Recent studies have suggested that off-task behavior is associated with poorer learning in individual use of Cognitive
 
Tutors (Baker, Corbett, Koedinger, & Wagner, 2004; Baker, 2007) but with more positive effects on learning in collaborative use of learning software (Kumar et al, 2007)
Gaming has been observed in other types of learning environments as well, including educational games (Miller, Lehman, & Koedinger, 1999; Magnussen & Misfeldt, 2004; Rodrigo et al, 2007), simulation environments (Rodrigo et al, 2007), and graded-participation newsgroups (Cheng & Vassileva, 2005).
 
For more information, see Ryan Baker's [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/gaming.html webpage on gaming the system].
   
   
=== PSLC Studies Involving Gaming the System ===
*[[Baker_Choices_in_LE_Space | How Content and Interface Features Influence Student Choices Within the Learning Space (Baker, Corbett, Koedinger, & Rodrigo)]]
=== Bibliography ===
=== Bibliography ===


* Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Roll, I., Koedinger, K.R. (to appear) Developing a Generalizable Detector of When Students Game the System  To appear in User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/USER475.pdf pdf]
* Baker, R.S.J.d. (2007) Modeling and Understanding Students' Off-Task Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007: Computer-Human Interaction, 1059-1068. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/BakerCHI2007Final.pdf pdf]
* Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R., Evenson, E., Roll, I., Wagner, A.Z., Naim, M., Raspat, J., Baker, D.J., Beck, J. (2006). Adapting to When Students Game an Intelligent Tutoring System. 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 392-401. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/Baker175.pdf pdf]
* Baker, R. S., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., & Wagner, A. Z. (2004). Off-Task Behavior in the Cognitive Tutor Classroom: When Students “Game the System”. ACM CHI 2004: Computer-Human Interaction, 383-390. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/p383-baker-rev.pdf pdf]
* Baker, R. S., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., & Wagner, A. Z. (2004). Off-Task Behavior in the Cognitive Tutor Classroom: When Students “Game the System”. ACM CHI 2004: Computer-Human Interaction, 383-390. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/p383-baker-rev.pdf pdf]
* Baker, R.S.J.d., Walonoski, J.A., Heffernan, N.T., Roll, I., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R. (to appear) Why Students Engage in "Gaming the System" Behavior in Interactive Learning Environments. To appear in Journal of Interactive Learning Research. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/BWHRKC-JILR-draft.pdf pdf]
* Kumar, R., Gweon, G., Joshi, M., Cui, Y., Rosé, C.P. (2007) Supporting students working together on Math with Social Dialogue, Workshop on Speech and Language Technology in Education, Farmington, Pennsylvania, 2007.
* Cheng, R., Vassileva, J. (2005) Adaptive Reward Mechanism for Sustainable Online Learning Community. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 152-159.
* Magnussen, R., Misfeldt, M. (2004) Player Transformation of Educational Multiplayer Games. Proceedings of Other Players. Available at [http://www.itu.dk/op/proceedings.htm http://www.itu.dk/op/proceedings.htm]
* Miller, C.S., Lehman, J.F., Koedinger, K.R. (1999)  Goals and learning in microworlds - An exploration. Cognitive Science, 23 (3), 305-336.
* Murray, R.C., vanLehn, K. (2005) Effects of Dissuading Unnecessary Help Requests While Providing Proactive Help. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 887-889.
* Rodrigo, M.M.T., Baker, R.S.J.d., Lagud, M.C.V., Lim, S.A.L., Macapanpan, A.F., Pascua, S.A.M.S., Santillano, J.Q., Sevilla, L.R.S., Sugay, J.O., Tep, S., Viehland, N.J.B. (2007) Affect and Usage Choices in Simulation Problem Solving Environments. Proceedings of Artificial Intelligence in Education 2007, 145-152.
[http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/RodrigoBakeretal2006Final.pdf pdf]
* Walonoski, J.A., Heffernan, N.T. (2006a) Detection and Analysis of Off-Task Gaming Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 382-391.
* Walonoski, J.A., Heffernan, N.T. (2006b) Prevention of Off-Task Gaming Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 722-724.  
 


[[Category:Glossary]]
[[Category:Glossary]]
[[Category:Interactive Communication]]
[[Category:Help Tutor]]

Latest revision as of 00:54, 11 December 2007

Baker (2007) defines off-task behavior in learning environments as behavior "where a student completely disengages from the learning environment and task to engage in an unrelated behavior".

Recent studies have suggested that off-task behavior is associated with poorer learning in individual use of Cognitive Tutors (Baker, Corbett, Koedinger, & Wagner, 2004; Baker, 2007) but with more positive effects on learning in collaborative use of learning software (Kumar et al, 2007)

Bibliography

  • Baker, R.S.J.d. (2007) Modeling and Understanding Students' Off-Task Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007: Computer-Human Interaction, 1059-1068. pdf
  • Baker, R. S., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., & Wagner, A. Z. (2004). Off-Task Behavior in the Cognitive Tutor Classroom: When Students “Game the System”. ACM CHI 2004: Computer-Human Interaction, 383-390. pdf
  • Kumar, R., Gweon, G., Joshi, M., Cui, Y., Rosé, C.P. (2007) Supporting students working together on Math with Social Dialogue, Workshop on Speech and Language Technology in Education, Farmington, Pennsylvania, 2007.
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