Game the system - Revision history

Ryan: moved page to "gaming the system"

2008-09-12T19:24:41Z

moved page to "gaming the system"

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:24, 12 September 2008
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	~~Baker et al (2006) defines gaming the system as "Attempting to succeed in an interactive learning environment by exploiting properties of the system rather than by learning the material".~~		#REDIRECT [[Gaming the system]]

	~~Within intelligent tutoring systems such as Cognitive Tutors, this is usually done by~~ [[~~systematic guessing]] or [[hint abuse]].~~

	Gaming has been observed in other types of learning environments as well, including educational games (Miller, Lehman, & Koedinger, 1999; Magnussen & Misfeldt, 2004; Rodrigo et al, 2007), simulation environments (Rodrigo et al, 2007), and graded-participation newsgroups (Cheng & Vassileva, 2005).

	Gaming the System has been shown to be associated with the affective experiences of boredom and confusion (Rodrigo et al, 2007) -- in specific, a student who experiences either of these two affective states is significantly more likely to be gaming the system shortly afterwards. Frustration, though previously found to be associated with gaming (Baker et al, 2008), appears to co-occur with gaming behavior rather than preceding it.

	A variety of stable or semi-stable student characteristics have been studied in relation to gaming the system (e.g. Arroyo & Woolf, 2005; Baker et al, 2008; Beal, Qu, & Lee, 2009); however, these characteristics have generally been found to have weak correlations with gaming, at best. Some characteristics found to be significantly associated with gaming include negative attitudes towards computers, the learning software, and mathematics. Performance goals and anxiety have been repeatedly found to have no correlation to gaming (Baker et al, 2008).

	~~For more information, see Ryan Baker's [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/gaming.html webpage on gaming~~ the system].

	~~=== PSLC Studies Involving Gaming the System ===~~

	*[[Baker_Choices_in_LE_Space \| How Content and Interface Features Influence Student Choices Within the Learning Space (Baker, Corbett, Koedinger, & Rodrigo)]]

	~~=== Bibliography ===~~

	* Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Roll, I., Koedinger, K.R. (to appear) Developing a Generalizable Detector of When Students Game the System To appear in User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/USER475.pdf pdf]
	* Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R., Evenson, E., Roll, I., Wagner, A.Z., Naim, M., Raspat, J., Baker, D.J., Beck, J. (2006). Adapting to When Students Game an Intelligent Tutoring System. 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 392-401. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/Baker175.pdf pdf]
	* Baker, R. S., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., & Wagner, A. Z. (2004). Off-Task Behavior in the Cognitive Tutor Classroom: When Students “Game the System”. ACM CHI 2004: Computer-Human Interaction, 383-390. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/p383-baker-rev.pdf pdf]
	* Baker, R.S.J.d., Walonoski, J.A., Heffernan, N.T., Roll, I., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R. (2008) Why Students Engage in "Gaming the System" Behavior in Interactive Learning Environments. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 19 (2), 185-224. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/BWHRKC-JILR-draft.pdf pdf]
	* Beal, C. R., Qu, L., & Lee, H. (2009). Mathematics motivation and achievement as predictors of high school students' guessing and help-seeking with instructional software. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning.
	* Cheng, R., Vassileva, J. (2005) Adaptive Reward Mechanism for Sustainable Online Learning Community. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 152-159.
	* Magnussen, R., Misfeldt, M. (2004) Player Transformation of Educational Multiplayer Games. Proceedings of Other Players. Available at [http://www.itu.dk/op/proceedings.htm http://www.itu.dk/op/proceedings.htm]
	* Miller, C.S., Lehman, J.F., Koedinger, K.R. (1999) Goals and learning in microworlds - An exploration. Cognitive Science, 23 (3), 305-336.
	* Murray, R.C., vanLehn, K. (2005) Effects of Dissuading Unnecessary Help Requests While Providing Proactive Help. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 887-889.
	* Rodrigo, M.M.T., Baker, R.S.J.d., Lagud, M.C.V., Lim, S.A.L., Macapanpan, A.F., Pascua, S.A.M.S., Santillano, J.Q., Sevilla, L.R.S., Sugay, J.O., Tep, S., Viehland, N.J.B. (2007) Affect and Usage Choices in Simulation Problem Solving Environments. Proceedings of Artificial Intelligence in Education 2007, 145-152.
	~~[http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/RodrigoBakeretal2006Final.pdf pdf]~~
	* Walonoski, J.A., Heffernan, N.T. (2006a) Detection and Analysis of Off-Task Gaming Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 382-391.
	* Walonoski, J.A., Heffernan, N.T. (2006b) Prevention of Off-Task Gaming Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 722-724.


	~~[[Category:Glossary]]~~
	~~[[Category:Interactive Communication]]~~
	~~[[Category:Help Tutor~~]]

Ryan at 17:01, 12 September 2008

2008-09-12T17:01:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:01, 12 September 2008
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	Gaming has been observed in other types of learning environments as well, including educational games (Miller, Lehman, & Koedinger, 1999; Magnussen & Misfeldt, 2004; Rodrigo et al, 2007), simulation environments (Rodrigo et al, 2007), and graded-participation newsgroups (Cheng & Vassileva, 2005).		Gaming has been observed in other types of learning environments as well, including educational games (Miller, Lehman, & Koedinger, 1999; Magnussen & Misfeldt, 2004; Rodrigo et al, 2007), simulation environments (Rodrigo et al, 2007), and graded-participation newsgroups (Cheng & Vassileva, 2005).

			Gaming the System has been shown to be associated with the affective experiences of boredom and confusion (Rodrigo et al, 2007) -- in specific, a student who experiences either of these two affective states is significantly more likely to be gaming the system shortly afterwards. Frustration, though previously found to be associated with gaming (Baker et al, 2008), appears to co-occur with gaming behavior rather than preceding it.

			A variety of stable or semi-stable student characteristics have been studied in relation to gaming the system (e.g. Arroyo & Woolf, 2005; Baker et al, 2008; Beal, Qu, & Lee, 2009); however, these characteristics have generally been found to have weak correlations with gaming, at best. Some characteristics found to be significantly associated with gaming include negative attitudes towards computers, the learning software, and mathematics. Performance goals and anxiety have been repeatedly found to have no correlation to gaming (Baker et al, 2008).

	For more information, see Ryan Baker's [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/gaming.html webpage on gaming the system].		For more information, see Ryan Baker's [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/gaming.html webpage on gaming the system].
Line 16:		Line 20:
	* Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R., Evenson, E., Roll, I., Wagner, A.Z., Naim, M., Raspat, J., Baker, D.J., Beck, J. (2006). Adapting to When Students Game an Intelligent Tutoring System. 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 392-401. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/Baker175.pdf pdf]		* Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R., Evenson, E., Roll, I., Wagner, A.Z., Naim, M., Raspat, J., Baker, D.J., Beck, J. (2006). Adapting to When Students Game an Intelligent Tutoring System. 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 392-401. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/Baker175.pdf pdf]
	* Baker, R. S., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., & Wagner, A. Z. (2004). Off-Task Behavior in the Cognitive Tutor Classroom: When Students “Game the System”. ACM CHI 2004: Computer-Human Interaction, 383-390. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/p383-baker-rev.pdf pdf]		* Baker, R. S., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., & Wagner, A. Z. (2004). Off-Task Behavior in the Cognitive Tutor Classroom: When Students “Game the System”. ACM CHI 2004: Computer-Human Interaction, 383-390. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/p383-baker-rev.pdf pdf]
	* Baker, R.S.J.d., Walonoski, J.A., Heffernan, N.T., Roll, I., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R. (~~to appear~~) Why Students Engage in "Gaming the System" Behavior in Interactive Learning Environments. ~~To appear in~~ Journal of Interactive Learning Research. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/BWHRKC-JILR-draft.pdf pdf]		* Baker, R.S.J.d., Walonoski, J.A., Heffernan, N.T., Roll, I., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R. (2008) Why Students Engage in "Gaming the System" Behavior in Interactive Learning Environments. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 19 (2), 185-224. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/BWHRKC-JILR-draft.pdf pdf]
			* Beal, C. R., Qu, L., & Lee, H. (2009). Mathematics motivation and achievement as predictors of high school students' guessing and help-seeking with instructional software. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning.
	* Cheng, R., Vassileva, J. (2005) Adaptive Reward Mechanism for Sustainable Online Learning Community. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 152-159.		* Cheng, R., Vassileva, J. (2005) Adaptive Reward Mechanism for Sustainable Online Learning Community. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 152-159.
	* Magnussen, R., Misfeldt, M. (2004) Player Transformation of Educational Multiplayer Games. Proceedings of Other Players. Available at [http://www.itu.dk/op/proceedings.htm http://www.itu.dk/op/proceedings.htm]		* Magnussen, R., Misfeldt, M. (2004) Player Transformation of Educational Multiplayer Games. Proceedings of Other Players. Available at [http://www.itu.dk/op/proceedings.htm http://www.itu.dk/op/proceedings.htm]

Ryan at 00:38, 11 December 2007

2007-12-11T00:38:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:38, 11 December 2007
Line 7:		Line 7:
	For more information, see Ryan Baker's [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/gaming.html webpage on gaming the system].		For more information, see Ryan Baker's [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/gaming.html webpage on gaming the system].

			=== PSLC Studies Involving Gaming the System ===

			*[[Baker_Choices_in_LE_Space \| How Content and Interface Features Influence Student Choices Within the Learning Space (Baker, Corbett, Koedinger, & Rodrigo)]]

	=== Bibliography ===		=== Bibliography ===

Ryan at 00:35, 11 December 2007

2007-12-11T00:35:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:35, 11 December 2007
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~Gaming~~ the system: Attempting to ~~make progress within~~ the ~~curriculum without thinking through~~ the material.		Baker et al (2006) defines gaming the system as "Attempting to succeed in an interactive learning environment by exploiting properties of the system rather than by learning the material".
	~~Within the Cognitive Tutor this is usually done by repeatedly guessing or using bottom-out hints~~.

	~~For more details~~, ~~see~~		Within intelligent tutoring systems such as Cognitive Tutors, this is usually done by [[systematic guessing]] or [[hint abuse]].

			Gaming has been observed in other types of learning environments as well, including educational games (Miller, Lehman, & Koedinger, 1999; Magnussen & Misfeldt, 2004; Rodrigo et al, 2007), simulation environments (Rodrigo et al, 2007), and graded-participation newsgroups (Cheng & Vassileva, 2005).

	* Baker, R. S. J. d., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., & Roll, I. (2006). Generalizing Detection of Gaming the System Across a Tutoring Curriculum. 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, , ~~402-11.~~		For more information, see Ryan Baker's [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/gaming.html webpage on gaming the system].
	* Baker~~, R. S. J. d., Corbett, A. T~~.~~, Koedinger, K~~. R.~~, Evenson, E., Roll, I., et al. (2006). Adapting to When Students Game an Intelligent Tutoring System. 8th International Conference~~ on ~~Intelligent Tutoring Systems, , 392-401~~.
	* Baker, R. S., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., & Wagner, A. Z. (2004). Off-Task Behavior in the Cognitive Tutor Classroom: When Students “Game the System”. ACM CHI 2004: Computer-Human Interaction, 6(1), 383-90.		=== Bibliography ===
	* Baker, R. S., Roll, I., Corbett, A. T., & Koedinger, K. R. (2005). Do Performance Goals Lead Students to Game the System? 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, , 57-64.

			* Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Roll, I., Koedinger, K.R. (to appear) Developing a Generalizable Detector of When Students Game the System To appear in User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/USER475.pdf pdf]
			* Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R., Evenson, E., Roll, I., Wagner, A.Z., Naim, M., Raspat, J., Baker, D.J., Beck, J. (2006). Adapting to When Students Game an Intelligent Tutoring System. 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 392-401. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/Baker175.pdf pdf]
			* Baker, R. S., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., & Wagner, A. Z. (2004). Off-Task Behavior in the Cognitive Tutor Classroom: When Students “Game the System”. ACM CHI 2004: Computer-Human Interaction, 383-390. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/p383-baker-rev.pdf pdf]
			* Baker, R.S.J.d., Walonoski, J.A., Heffernan, N.T., Roll, I., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R. (to appear) Why Students Engage in "Gaming the System" Behavior in Interactive Learning Environments. To appear in Journal of Interactive Learning Research. [http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/BWHRKC-JILR-draft.pdf pdf]
			* Cheng, R., Vassileva, J. (2005) Adaptive Reward Mechanism for Sustainable Online Learning Community. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 152-159.
			* Magnussen, R., Misfeldt, M. (2004) Player Transformation of Educational Multiplayer Games. Proceedings of Other Players. Available at [http://www.itu.dk/op/proceedings.htm http://www.itu.dk/op/proceedings.htm]
			* Miller, C.S., Lehman, J.F., Koedinger, K.R. (1999) Goals and learning in microworlds - An exploration. Cognitive Science, 23 (3), 305-336.
			* Murray, R.C., vanLehn, K. (2005) Effects of Dissuading Unnecessary Help Requests While Providing Proactive Help. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 887-889.
			* Rodrigo, M.M.T., Baker, R.S.J.d., Lagud, M.C.V., Lim, S.A.L., Macapanpan, A.F., Pascua, S.A.M.S., Santillano, J.Q., Sevilla, L.R.S., Sugay, J.O., Tep, S., Viehland, N.J.B. (2007) Affect and Usage Choices in Simulation Problem Solving Environments. Proceedings of Artificial Intelligence in Education 2007, 145-152.
			[http://www.joazeirodebaker.net/ryan/RodrigoBakeretal2006Final.pdf pdf]
			* Walonoski, J.A., Heffernan, N.T. (2006a) Detection and Analysis of Off-Task Gaming Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 382-391.
			* Walonoski, J.A., Heffernan, N.T. (2006b) Prevention of Off-Task Gaming Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 722-724.

Idoroll: "game the system" moved to Game the system

2007-02-05T04:21:16Z

"game the system" moved to Game the system

← Older revision	Revision as of 04:21, 5 February 2007
(No difference)

Idoroll at 04:17, 5 February 2007

2007-02-05T04:17:11Z

New page

Gaming the system: Attempting to make progress within the curriculum without thinking through the material.
Within the Cognitive Tutor this is usually done by repeatedly guessing or using bottom-out hints.

For more details, see

* Baker, R. S. J. d., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., & Roll, I. (2006). Generalizing Detection of Gaming the System Across a Tutoring Curriculum. 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, , 402-11.
* Baker, R. S. J. d., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., Evenson, E., Roll, I., et al. (2006). Adapting to When Students Game an Intelligent Tutoring System. 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, , 392-401.
* Baker, R. S., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., & Wagner, A. Z. (2004). Off-Task Behavior in the Cognitive Tutor Classroom: When Students “Game the System”. ACM CHI 2004: Computer-Human Interaction, 6(1), 383-90.
* Baker, R. S., Roll, I., Corbett, A. T., & Koedinger, K. R. (2005). Do Performance Goals Lead Students to Game the System? 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, , 57-64.

[[Category:Glossary]]
[[Category:Interactive Communication]]
[[Category:Help Tutor]]