Testing effect

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Probably due the generativity of active processing tests have been shown to be more effective then passive presentation of material.

  • Carrier, M., & Pashler, H. (1992). The influence of retrieval on retention. Memory & Cognition, 20(6), 633-642.
  • Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger III, H. L. (2007). Expanding retrieval practice promotes short-term retention, but equally spaced retrieval enhances long-term retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33(4), 704-719.
  • Pavlik Jr., P. I. (2006). Understanding and applying the dynamics of test practice and study practice [Electronic Version]. Instructional Science from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11251-006-9013-2